The increase in the use of non-programmable renewable sources requires tools to allow continuity of supply, without impacting the environment and the use of strategic materials. The possibility of introducing a high energy density or high capacity thermal storage system, with good performance also in terms of operating temperatures and reversibility, leads to a substantial reduction in the need for primary fossil energy, not only in the civil sector , but also in the industrial processes and production of electricity. The requests for technological development in these sectors are many: research into new materials (e.g. thermochemical or phase change, even nanostructured), supports to increase energy density at high and low temperatures, development of new processes capable of minimizing losses in the various heat absorption and release cycles, validation of new applications able to exploit large basins (e.g. underground aquifers) or other thermal sources (e.g. geothermal resources, thermal waste), development of advanced controls and processes to align user needs with production capacities.